Bleaching in textile slideshare. This presentation provides an introduction to textiles.

Bleaching in textile slideshare Sodium hypochlorite is the strongest oxidative bleach -used in textile processing. It begins by explaining what enzymes are and how they have been used in textile processing for over 2000 years, such as removing starch from cloth. Mercerizing (caustic soda solution) vi. the material appears whiter after the bleaching scouring and bleaching run together in same bath so, the temp. The bleaching of textile fabric with hydrogen peroxide is dependent on many aspects such as pH, temperature, time, stabilizer type and presence of metallic impurities. Antichlor's are used mainly on fiber and textiles, Rinsing with water should follow the antichlor treatment in order to flush out by-products of the procedure. It forms H20 2 and urea in aqueous solution. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Hasan Mojumdar ID: 111-23-129 Md. The word is derived from the Persian words kalam (pen) and kari (craftmanship), meaning drawing with a pen. • All of these are oxidative bleaches. Therefore a thorough ‘bleach clean- up’ is necessary • The traditional method is to neutralize the bleach with a reducing agent or to rinse with hot water. Historic textile costumes- Rome (1). Discover the future of textiles at Bharat Tex 2025 | Know More Feb 18, 2012 · Bleaching agents are manufactured by different types of chemical manufacturing companies. Title Introduction : Most of the operations in the textile processing such as scouring, bleaching, dyeing and printing are carried out by use of basic chemicals like acid, alkalis oxidizing, reducing agents dyestuffs May 3, 2014 · 3. 1/24/2017 91 Differences between Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl bleaching 181 In textile hypochlorite bleaching sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] or calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] may be used as hypochlorite bleaching agent. Dyeing can be done at any stage of the manufacturing of textile- fiber, yarn, fabric or a finished textile product 6. The free chlorine after using sodium chlorite 4. When the load is removed, recovery from the crease is restricted by the new positioning of the cross links and textile will Bleaching Mechanisms The exact mechanisms of tooth bleaching have not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is generally believed that free radicals produced by H2O2 may be responsible for bleaching effects, and they are similar to that in textile and paper bleaching. Heat: wool fiber decomposed at 204 Bleaching, textile treatment Karcahi university • 9 years ago HPLC[ HIGH PERPROMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OR HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, BRIEF HISTORY, DEFINITION, WHAT IS HPLC? 3. • e. the material appears whiter after the bleaching Introduction to Textile - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The fibre/yarns/ fabric become permanent white. • Oxygen pre-bleaching becomes more important in order to reduce chlorine Scouring is a process that removes natural and added impurities from textiles to make them more absorbent and suitable for dyeing and finishing. The enzymes used in the textile field are amylases, catalase, and laccase which are used to remove the starch, degrading excess hydrogen peroxide, bleaching textiles and degradin g lignin. The Study area that deal with the source of natural color is organic compounds with conjugated double bonds, by doing chemical bleaching the discoloration takes place by breaking chromophore. Textile printing is an ancient art form found on cloth in Egyptian tombs dating to about 5000B. 1 Laboratory dyeing and color matching of textile fabrics Definition of dyeing is “the application of one single color uniformly to the textile substrate”. Where, this process is applied on textile in form of liquid with involves some for chemical action on the textile. Other textiles are described. Textiles. FIBRE TEXT. A good surfactant, for example, will reduce the surface tension of water from 72 dynes/cm to 30 3. Bleaching • Download as PPTX, PDF • 1 like • 731 views. Program : B Chemistry of Organic textile chemicals-Dr. Textile Technology A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn. Various textile production steps like cultivation, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing are mentioned. Ancient craft using natural resources (wool, cotton, flax) for making fabric for clothing, shelter, bedding, floor 12. Arsenic, mercury and their mixtures 5. is used for printing. Industry. will be rise 95 degree celsius and ph. Sponsored. 0 g/L and 2. To retain a good appearance of a fabric , they must have good crease recovery from unwanted creases occur in fabric usage and laundering. The objective of bleaching is to remove the natural color for the following steps such as dyeing or printing or to achieve full Jul 24, 2014 · • Bleach oxidizes compounds (stains, dye, germs) by breaking chemical bonds and inserting oxygen or by converting C=C and/or C=O double bonds to single bonds. have also been found. 34. • The color-producing stains are typically organic compounds that possess extended conjugated chains of alternating single or double bonds and often include heteroatoms, carbonyl and phenyl rings in conjugated system, This document provides an overview of textile wet processing. In other words, spirality occurs in knitted fabric because of asymmetric loops which turns in the wales and course of a fabric into an angular relationship other than 90 degree. 8 g/L, 2. 5% and 1. A. Screening Coarse suspended matters such as rags, pieces of Sapphire Textiles is a leading textile group in Pakistan with over 50 years of experience. Hydrolytic method: Rot Stepping; Acid Stepping; Alkali Stepping; Enzymatic Stepping; They are discussed below: 1. 23 Dyeing / Printing (2/2) • In the printing process, the dyes are applied locally on the fabric to produce the desired design • During printing, the dyes are applied on only one side of the fabric • Printing can be done Textile chemical Processing: Theory and practice of Preparatory Processes (Web) Syllabus; Co-ordinated by : IIT Delhi; Available from : 2015-03-13. SPAAER,1961, gave a mixture of sodium perborate with water to be placed in pulp chamber Sep 8, 2015 · 14. Alkyl phenol as a bleaching agent 6. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. Chemical Properties No Values/Result Parameters 1 Effect of bleaching Not affected by oxidizing and reducing bleaching agents 2 Effect of acid Destroyed by hot concentrated acids. Cotton is the principal fiber bleached today, and almost all cotton is bleached. Air emissions include dust, oil mists, acid vapours, odours and boiler exhausts. TEXTILES TEXTILES All the Textiles are Polymers All the Textiles are Polymers Poly (many); Poly (many); Mer (single unit) Mer (single unit) Example: Ethylene n(CH Example: Ethylene n(CH2 2=CH =CH2 2) [Monomer] is formed ) [Monomer] is formed to Polyethylene –(CH to Polyethylene –(CH2 2-CH -CH2 2) )n n- - Functionality of polymer The purpose of bleaching is to make the fabric amendable for subsequent processes of coloration and finishing. • It is usually carried out by means of chemicals selected according to the chemical composition of the fibre. Shenai-Page-22 Chemicals used in Bleaching process & their function: Bleaching is the destruction of natural coloring matters to produce a white material & must be 15. V. The solution of these problems often hinges on the proper choice or 30. Sizing(caboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) ii. Caporit Caporit is salt double from CaCl2 and of Ca(OCl)2, so that was repreasented by the formula CaOCl2. Karcahi university • 10 years ago Bleaching of teeth. Chemicals are used in the manufacture and treatment of textiles. 4. • In the late 1960’s , a successful technique for home bleaching was introduced by Klusmier, at which time he discovered that 10% carbamide peroxide loaded in a mouth guard with the intent to improve Apr 19, 2018 · 39. The fabric is then allowed to stand for about 24 h at 35°C–40°C or overnight at 60°C in an open space or in After scouring and bleaching, the grease and wax on the knitted fabric fibers are removed, and the fibers do not slide easily when sewing and are easily broken by the needle, resulting in the dispersion of the loops, so it is often necessary to carry out soft treatment, i. This document provides an overview of textile wet processing. Common batch machines include kiers for scouring cotton ropes, jiggers for pre-treating open-width fabrics, and winches for processing delicate fabrics with low tension. Application Of Bio-technology In Textile Wet processing Introduction: The textile wet processing sector is the one of the biggest production sector of Asia which drain highest amount of hazardous effluent and directly involved to create ambient problem now it is became serious problem to major textile producing zones like Pakistan ,China, India Introduction to preparatory processes in textile chemical processing singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching and optical whitening. The discovery of peroxide bleaching in 1925 has gradually resulted in replacement of other bleaching processes with peroxide/per-oxygen 17. 2 g/L) taken from 5% stock solution of hydrogen peroxide were considered for the experiment. The document outlines the general concept of dyeing which involves dyes, chemicals, auxiliaries, dyeing machines, parameters, materials, and utilities to produce dyed 3. The presentation defines textiles as fibers, yarns or fabrics made from fibers and traces the history of textiles back to fibers found in a Georgian cave. It describes the mechanisms and objectives of bleaching as well as factors that influence bleaching processes and agents. It also influences the inner properties of fibers. 14. Acid enzyme & neutral enzyme both are used in denim apparel . Winches can be used for desizing, scouring, bleaching or even washing of textile fabrics. The M: L is generally quite high (1:10-1:18). Cotton as a crop as well as a commodity plays an important role in the agrarian and industrial activities of the 2. National Institute Of Textile Engineering & Research (NITER) INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT ON SOUTH CHINA BLEACHING & DYEING FACTORY Ltd. INTRODUCTION Depending on garments construction different types of . Chemicals may also be added to the finished product to obtain different functions. The bleaching agents either oxidize or reduce the coloring matter which is washed out and whiteness thus obtained is of permanent nature. The fabric moves continuously through stages and compartments which provide the chemicals, time, temperature and rinsing needed for This document contains several textile manufacturing process flow charts, including: - A flow chart showing the wet processing steps from grey fabric inspection to final delivery. adds colour to the textile dyeing - Download as a PDF or view online for free – (6) Excellent ,washing light rubbing bleaching fastness . In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fiber, so as to resist washing and friction. 5%) and a value of 9 means the starch content is very low (0. • Chlorine bleach is known to be extremely toxic to the environment and to consumers, yet chlorine based chemicals are still often used to bleach fabrics. 5% to 8. Introduction to bleaching; Bleaching of cellulosic fibres with NaOCl; Bleaching with sodium chlorite; Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide; 4. 0 DYEING PRACTICES (Includes Finishing) 1. Souring & Bleaching: Alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEOs) such as nonyl phenol ethoxylates and octyl phenol ethoxylates used Textile supply chain. Textile industry comprises large quantity of water and also need various chemicals and dyeing agents for the process. H2O2 diffuses through the enamel and dentin, producing free radicals that Textile Auxiliaries. Reaction: Redox potential of NaOCl is (1400-1550), here “O” is responsible for Bleaching. However the appearance of the textile substrate is some what creamish after the bleaching, therefore chemical treatments are Nov 28, 2023 · Bleaching of textiles has been practiced for a very long time. STAGE 2- Natural bleaching (with cow-dung and plain cold water) is done for removing the starch in 2. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting. It makes fabrics hydrophilic and absorbent. Function: To 22. PRINTING Printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs. Scouring(Caustic soda, soda ash, detergent ) iv. • Toga Candida: If a citizen wanted to run for election, he would bleach his toga extremely bright to stand out from the 2. In the bleaching process, H202 is widely used. It defines textile wet processing as subjecting textile materials to liquids for modification or value addition. 12. Necessity of Singeing in Textile Cotton materials are valued for their smooth appearance. Hydrogen peroxide is Dec 15, 2016 · The document discusses various bleaching agents and methods. Caporit in form of bleaching powder is strong oksidator and is generally used Jan 9, 2025 · The textile bleaching (or bleaching of textiles) is one of the steps in the textile manufacturing process. Ion exchange process is normally used for the removal of inorganic salts salts are composed of a +ve ion of a base and a -ve ion of an acid. Both the methods require copious amounts of water Advantages of A basic knowledge of dyeing process and related terms are quite important to understand dyeing theory. In Eco textiles mills, the bleaching method must be oxygen-based The entire liquid waste from the textile mills comes from the following operation of i. Generally, surface tension between textile fibres, and water is high, and hence wetting of the fibre surface does not take place thoroughly and quickly. 5 2. 04%) The test is known as “Iodine test for starch” or “Tegwa violet scale” Iodine is added to the de-sized fabric The colour Waste water from textile industry - Download as a PDF or view online for free grease, Na2CO3, fragment of cloth Strong alkaline, weak color, high BOD (30% of the total) 3. Additionally, a growing number of consumers are also interested in clothes that are produced in an environmentally friendly way without the extensive use of harsh chemicals. The primary role of bleach in automatic dishwashing and warewashing is to reduce spotting and filming. It describes how pollutants from textile manufacturing can interfere with living organisms. 6% H20 2) Bleaching preparations containing carbamide peroxide usually also include Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. Continuous ranges are used whenever large volume of fabric are being processed. 1 National Institute of Textile Engineering & Research (NITER) Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT SOUTH CHINA BLEACHING & DYEING FACTORY Ltd. Three different concentrations (1. 2 1. The basic mechanical anisotropy is a consideration in knitted fabrics, eleven properties, such as tensile, bending, shearing, of the tests Peracetic acid is commercially available for textile bleaching in 5, 15 and 40% solutions as What is known as "equilibrium peracid". It describes the mechanisms of bleaching using oxidative agents like 4 Objectives of Bleaching To produce white fabrics by destroying the colouring matter with the help of bleaching agents with minimum degradation of the fibers. Now a days, it is becoming important to consumers that the clothes they buy are well made and of high quality material. 23, December 1998, pp. The major air pollution problem in the textile industry occurs during the finishing stages, where various processes are employed for coating the fabrics. Akash Baranwal 4. 3 1. So, bleaching should be perfect for getting a better dyeing performance. Dyeing Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. It discusses natural fibres like cotton, silk and wool as well as man-made fibres such as rayon, polyamide, polyester, and acrylic. Specky fiber : improper retting and washing causes foreign materials to stuck with the fiber and spot is created . 3. dyeing, printing. Preparation Processes: • To provide color to the textile for either • i) Aesthetic purpose or ii) Functional purpose. When a fiber is bent, two things can happen 1. Subrata Uthpal Follow. Mercerising NaOH Strongly alkaline (low BOD, less than 1%) 5. During the renaissance, Indian chintz was imported to Europe, where it became popular and was imitated. Effect of Bleach: Harmful. Introduction : India is the world’s third largest producer of cotton textile—after China and USA—and the second largest cotton consumer after China. There are two main methods - batch/discontinuous scouring using kier boilers, and continuous scouring using J-boxes. • In future, we can imagine that the all pretreatment Apr 10, 2018 · 2. 257-260 Green technology in textile processing: Part II- Bleaching of polyester/cotton fabric H T Deo' & A I Wasif Department of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400 019, India Received 28 October 1997; accepted 19November 1997 The vegetable fiber is bleached pulp abaca hemp, a small plantation tree grown for the fiber, mostly in the Philippines and Colombia. Desizing, Scouring and Bleaching are frequently undertakes as three separate steps in preparatory stages of Textile Wet Processing. The source of Mar 29, 2018 · 5. The bleaching agent was applied to the outside Buccal surface and was expected to penetrate through the enamel. Objectives of bleaching are: -It removes natural color from textile materials. Jan 27, 2017 · The objective of bleaching is to remove these color bodies and produce a white fabric using oxidizing bleaching agents while minimizing fiber damage. Poor color fastness in textile products is a major source of customer complaint. • In 1961, Spasser described Walking Bleach Technique. Let us know some of them: Enzymatic process enhances the variety of plants used in Textile Fiber productions. dewatering and then dipping and rolling paraffin emulsion and drying. - Individual flow charts for weft knitting, warp knitting, jute yarn manufacturing, and garment finishing. ”accessible only by bleaching. It has 24 manufacturing facilities across Pakistan with over 16,000 employees. Bleach Enzymes While enzymes can also be thought to support or replace the effect of oxidizing agents in laundry detergents, and development efforts have sought enzymes with this function, no such enzyme has been introduced into detergents yet. Cr6 + compounds in the oxidizing of 13. Education 23. 2. A surfactant is a substance which, when applied in low concentration, markedly reduces the surface tension of a solution. , JUNE 2010 fabrics are given in Table 2. It contains carbonyl chromophore. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free de-sizing agents, and leveling agents. It works by saponification, emulsification, and solubilization using alkalis, Eco friendly textiles part- 1 - Download as a PDF or view online for free chlorinated carbon. 15. Peracetic acid can be prepared by the interaction of concentrated hydro- gen peroxide and acetic acid in the presence of strong mineral acid such as sulphuric acid [81, 82]. • The sedimentation tanks are designed to enable smaller and lighter particles to settle under gravity. NaOCl +H2O→NaOH + HOCl [PH 11 to 11. The study comprises the effect of different bleaching parameters on scoured single jersey cotton fabrics. An Introduction. Tamarinis used as adhesive on jute yarn. Enzyme is more suitable than bleach for environment on the other hand bleach are suitable for production but it’s a hazardous in environment . Textile effluent treatment - Download as a PDF or view online for free 2. It describes the various processes involved in linen fabric production from bale opening to packaging, including hackling, drawing, roving, wet spinning, dyeing, warping, weaving, bleaching, and quality inspection. The presentation Scouring is a process that removes natural and added impurities from textiles to make them more absorbent and suitable for dyeing and finishing. Multiple rollers can be used to print one repeat of a design onto fabric passing over a central cylinder. Ozone bleaching - Download as a PDF or view online for free Water for textile industry Water for dyeing and bleaching- involving as it does the use of such small amounts of chemicals and large amounts of water to produce delicate coloring effects, the dyeing of fabrics often presents chemical problems of considerable difficulties. C. Page 2 of 19 Chemicals use in Bangladesh Textile Industry Size Chemicals: Generally starch of maize, corn rice, potato & CMC, PVA, PVC are used as adhesive. This is a very common problem in single This presentation provides an overview of different types of textile fibres, including their properties and uses. Speculation concerning the amounts and types of air pollutants emitted from textile operations have been widespread but, generally, air For other purposes, it has to be bleached. All of the bleaching agents do not have the same characteristics. e,g a cation exchanger in the Na form when contacted with a sol of cacl2 will scavenge the Ca ions from the solution and The document provides details about an internship at Jaya Shree Textiles, the largest manufacturer of linen fabric in India. Block prints were first seen imported from India to the Mediterranean in 5th C B. • But in light shade those two process must be needed. Many textiles are bleached to remove any remaining soil and colored compounds before dyeing and finishing. Bleaching Hypochlorite/H2O2, Cl2, NaOH, acids Alkaline (5% BOD) 4. Submit Search . • In chemical pulping chlorine, sodium or calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide are used. INTRODUCTION Textile industry is concerned with design and production of yarn and cloth and their distribution. The document discusses the the source of natural color is organic compounds with conjugated double bonds, by doing chemical bleaching the discoloration takes place by breaking chromophore. exists in the form of white crystals or as a crystallized powder containing approximately 35% H20 2. •Main pollution in textile wastewater come from dyeing and finishing processes. Destroy all bonds in wool fiber . B Surfactant and pigment 3. SPAAER,1961, gave a mixture of sodium perborate with water to be placed in pulp chamber Bleaching - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Duration : 17th December to 8th February SUPERVISING TEACHER Rony Mia Lecturer Department of Wet Processing Engineering National Institute of Textile Engineering & Research Nayarhat, Savar, 2. This presentation provides an introduction to textiles. ” Intrinsic color Chlorine bleach is known to be extremely toxic to the environment and to consumers, yet chlorine based chemicals are still often used to bleach fabrics. Here arise large quantity of waste in terms of water, energy and other chemical substances which will directly or indirectly affects BLEACHING • The objective of bleaching is to remove the natural color for the following steps such as dyeing or printing or to achieve full white. Abdullah Al Mahfuj Follow. Calendaring A process of passing cloth between rollers (or "calendars"), usually under carefully controlled heat and pressure, to produce a variety of surface textures or effects in fabric such as compact, smooth, supple, flat and glazed. -It brings the textile materials The object of bleaching is to produce white fabrics by destroying the colorings matter with the help of bleaching agents with minimum degradation of the fiber [1]. Hailed as being the backbone of 13. The amount of starch present is calculated The Tegwa value is evaluated Tegwa scale have 9 readings from 1 to 9 A reading of 1 means the starch content is very high (around 2. European countries is required to consist of at least four and sometimes five symbols in the following such as washing, bleaching, ironing, dry-cleaning & drying. European Care Labeling System This system was developed by the International Association for Textile Care labelling (GINETEX). Pulping and Bleaching PSE 476. Textiles: Dyeing • Dyes give color to fabric. PAKISTAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY • Pakistan has a dynamic, vigorous and export oriented textile industry that has an overwhelming impact on economy. These are widely used for ladies dress goods, school 3. 5-11 3. Textiles, Bleaching and Dyeing. 5,000 Dozens/month 1 Fiber Bleaching Plant 150,000 kg/month Power Generation Plant I 60 Mega Watts Power Generation Plant II 225 Mega Watts Sapphire T E X T I L E S 18. Textile bleaching process is a chemical treatment employed for the removal of natural coloring matter from the substrate. Application of microwaves in textile finishing processes ADVANTAGE Microwave radiation for textile finishing has been used for the combined desizing, scouring and bleaching processes ,dyeing and drying Textile And Environment - Download as a PDF or view online for free. These agents either oxidise 7 Charasterictic of Bleaching Treatment 1. Winch dyeing machines are a low cost design that is simple to operate and maintain, yet versatile in application proving invaluable for preparation, washing or after treatments as well as the Roller printing is a textile printing technique invented in 1783 that uses engraved copper rollers instead of hand-carved blocks. • The color-producing stains are typically organic compounds that possess extended conjugated chains of alternating single or double bonds and often include heteroatoms, carbonyl and phenyl rings in conjugated system, Hydrolytic Method; Oxidative Method; A. The cross links may break and join in new positions. Block prints were first seen imported from India to the 2. Sanjiv Kamat 9 "Dyestone® X Color" is neither pigment nor dyestuff, but a patented new generation of textile colorants that fully utilize micro-encapsulating technology. Pthalogen blue /Alcian blue dyes – Pthalogen blue dyes give puse and brilliant peacock blue shade and Alcian blue Dye give brilliant turquoise/ green shades. Textile And Environment • Download as PPTX, PDF • 13 likes • 12,994 views. DEPZ, GONOKBARI, SAVAR, DHAKA Duration (Two Months) SUPERVISING TEACHER CO-SUPERVISING TEACHER Rony Mia A. Oct 17, 2018 · 2. Matsui International's insoluble colors are Textile finishing stains - Download as a PDF or view online for free and flushing. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT,FUNCTION, MECHANISM, PROPERTIES & IT’S USES The coloring matter ,whether it is natural or present as a conta- minant in the fiber is generally decolorized by different bleaching methods. Bleaching (by H ₂O ₂) 10. Composition Of Commercial Bleaching Thickening agents: Carbopol (carboxypolymethylene) is the most commonly used thickening agent in bleaching materials. Scouring 12. It is a pretreatment process of dyeing and printing which removes natural color from the fabric to get a bright white fabric. These impurities will deplete the available hypochlorite, reducing its effectiveness for whitening fabric. Specific pollution issues from desizing, Unit 1 - Introduction 3 Textile wet processing Textile wet processing is the process that use in any finishing treatment. Department of Textile Engineering PROJECT (THESIS) REPORT Course Code: TE-407 Project Report On: EFFECT OF BLEACHING PARAMETERS ON BURSTING STRENGTH AND WHITENESS OF COTTON KNITTED FABRIC Submitted by: Kazi Sazed Salman ID: 111-23-130 Md. • Andrea Wynne, The Motivate Series : Textiles • slideshare. India, China, and Bangladesh are leading producers. Defects of jute fiber Rooty fiber : this problem is caused by improper decomposition or retting of jute . The document outlines the general concept of dyeing which involves dyes, chemicals, auxiliaries, dyeing machines, parameters, materials, and utilities to produce dyed This presentation provides an introduction to textiles. Mechanical finishing: Involving the application of physical principles such as friction, temperature, pressure, tension and many others. • The first Bleaching is the removal of unwanted colour from the textile fibres and typically involves the use of one of the four main bleaching agents, namely sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide. wool Fiber Yarn Fabric Processed Fabric Final Garment/ Apparel Fiber Producer • Fiber extraction and yarn production bleaching, dyeing, softening, 2. • In mechanical pulping most common agents are sodium or hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrosulphite used alone or in combination. Pretreatment processes like desizing, scouring, and bleaching also rely on auxiliaries to improve fabric properties before dyeing. Greek fabrics dating from the 4th century B. Winch dyeing machine is a rather old dyeing machine for fabrics in rope form with stationary liquor and moving material. The fiber goes through cultivation, harvesting, retting, stripping, washing, drying, baling, and packing processes. CONCLUSION • Now a days scouring and bleaching must be done in same machine with combined recipe. B M Nurullah Lecturer Lecturer of 9. 30. But today nearly all indigo dye is produced synthetically. Submit Search. Precautions for using Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. Cotton accounts for 40% of the total global fibre production and is the most important fibre in the world. •These processes require the input of a wide range of chemicals and dyestuffs, Bleaching is a chemical process which removes the natural color of Textile fibres. is 11 with 30-40 minutes . IE materials are capable of exchanging soluble ions and cations with electrolyte solutions. Enzymatic Scouring or Bio-Scouring can simply be defined as the Mar 27, 2021 · Answer: The pH values in garments can be greatly affected by Scouring, Bleaching, After- treatment (Dyeing & Printing) & Final washing process. It explains that the aim of bleaching is to remove color from fibers through oxidative or reductive processes. DYEING • The application of color to the whole body of a textile material with some degree of fastness. Dye molecules are fixed to the fiber by absorption, diffusion, or bonding with temperature and time 2. RES. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibers of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands. The proper range of pH values in dyeing & finishing process are Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing Mashrur Wasity • 6 years ago Quality Control Part I Preatreatment Process of Fabric 9. Reactive dyeing specifically uses reactive dyes along with dispersing agents, leveling agents, and anti 9. Shad Ibna Shoiel Follow. The influence of enzymatic pre-treatment on color of bleached and Read article about Latest methods of Cotton Bleaching and more articles about Textile industary at Fibre2Fashion. Lec : 1; Bleaching. Different advances such as an enzyme, ozone, and plasma treatments are included for each pretreatment May 5, 2020 · This document discusses the use of enzymes in the textile industry. The document provides details on scouring of different natural and synthetic fibers 17. Machinery for textile preparation can be classified as batch, semi-continuous, or continuous. So enzyme is more popular. 140 INDIAN J. Bleaching is usually carried out with oxidizing agents to oxidize the colored impurities. After the formation of fabric it has a fuzzy or hairy appearance due to projecting fibers, thus affecting the luster and smoothness Unsigned fabrics are soiled easily The protruding fibers obstruct the subsequent dyeing and printing process Goods which are to be mercerized • Kalamkari or Qalamkari is a type of hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile, produced in parts of India. Rot steeping: The fabric is padded with warm water (40°C) and is squeezed to about 100% expression. Name : Abdullah Al Mahfuj Department : Textile. Heat-sealed tea bag paper usually has a heat-sealable thermoplastic such as PVC or polypropylene, as a component fiber (100% non-woven technical textile) on inner side of the teabag surface. Example: Process chemicals may be added at fiber manufacturing, bleaching, dyeing and printing of fabrics. Literature review Introduction Comprehensive literature reviews of the investigation of combined desizing, scouring, bleaching effect with H2O2 would be discussed in this chapter. Bleaching(sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or hydrogen peroxide (H202)) v. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free A dark toga worn when someone was in mourning. The usual bleaching agents are sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium peroxide. A surfactant is a substance which, when applied in low concentration, May 8, 2017 · 3. It works by saponification, emulsification, and solubilization using alkalis, surfactants, and sometimes solvents. The 2 days ago · Preparation of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) : 2NaOH + Cl 2 →NaCl + NaOCl +H 2 O [Less than 27℃, instant preparation]. net 2. 2 days ago · Bleaching is an important process of wet processes in the textile industry. Introduction to Textile • Download as PPTX, PDF • 33 likes • 37,083 views. • Textile wastewater includes a large variety of dyes and chemical additions that make the environmental challenge for textile industry not only as liquid waste but also in its chemical composition. Chemical bleaching of textile fibers is 7. • For dark shade of dyeing we can reduce our cost by removing any of this process. Prior to bleaching with hypochlorite, it is necessary to thoroughly scour fabrics to remove fats, waxes and pectin impurities. 1. 1958, PEARSON found that lack of pulp in the non vital teeth as an advantage and place the bleaching material directly into he pulp chamber. It outlines various stain removers that can be used, including water, alkalis, acids, bleaching agents, and solvents. Jute is a natural fiber obtained from the stems of the jute plant. Department of Textile Engineering Introduction Bleaching: The use of oxidative bleaching dates back to the end of eighteenth century, when solid bleaching powder (based on chlorine) was used for bleaching of cellulosic textiles. It was first introduced in 1960s. Alternatively, it can be prepared by 357 views • 2 slides. Continuous Preperation • • 1. It is presented by Subrata Kumar Chanda Uthpal, a student with ID 143003007 studying textile engineering. INDIGO DYES Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from plants. • To make the textiles suitable for coloration or finishing • To ensure the textiles has right physical and chemical properties which enable them to be colored / finished. The use of enzymes in textile industry is one of the most rapidly growing field in industr ial enzymology. Textile Industry is one of the sectors in Pakistan which provides high employment opportunities and has had a substantial contribution to the growth and development of the country. Finally, the cloth is Bleaching, textile treatment. After bleaching, materials need to be neutralized for the next process. Textile printing is related to dyeing but in dyeing ,the whole fabric is uniformly covered with one colour, On the other hand,in printing one or more colours are applied to it in certain parts 11. Separation of chlorine bleach materials, except the sodium chlorite from the bleached synthetic fibers 3. BLEACHING Bleaching means the removal of the all color impurities. Batch machines are used for fibers, yarns, and fabrics/garments. A Carrier: Glycerin and propylene glycol are the most commonly used carriers in commercial bleaching agents. The process of dyeing 3. Its concentration is usually between 0. International (ISO) Care Labeling Code • The ISO system commonly known as GINETEX for care labelling was established in 1963 in Paris following several international symposiums for Textile Care Labelling at the 17. e. Dilute acids can’t do harm to the fiber 3 Effect of alkali Strong alkali destroy the fiber and strength reduces 4 Organic solvent Resistant to organic solvents 5 Effect of 32. Aug 3, 2017 · 1. • The process of bleaching gives the sparkling whiteness to the fabric and make it suitable for further processing. • Souring and bleaching are must be needed for white fabric. The fastness of a color can vary with the type of dye, the particular shade used, the depth of shade and how well the dyeing process has been carried out. BLEACHING 8/7/2021 18 • The lightening of the colour of tooth through the application of a chem ical agent to oxidize the organic pigmentation in the tooth. The primary use for indigo is as a dye for cotton yarn, which is mainly for the production of denim cloth for blue jeans Small amounts Cellulases have been used for the same purpose in the textile industry for the treatment of new garments. • In 1884, Harlan used hydrogen peroxide for the first time which he called as hydrogen dioxide. 08th March 2013 Dr. • Other bleaching agents, of lesser importance to textile preparation but important in consumer laundry products, are perborates, percarbonates and peracetic acid. e,g a cation exchanger in the Na form when contacted with a sol of cacl2 will scavenge the Ca ions from the solution and Sep 2, 2014 · 3. 1 Importance of Bio-Technology in Textile Processing: The importance of using bio-technology in Textile is worth-mentioning. Bleaching - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Intrinsic stainsIntrinsic stains ““located within the tooth and arelocated within the tooth and are accessible only by bleaching. It also provides the bulk of employment (39%) to largely underutilized workforce, and contributes with This presentation provides an introduction to textiles. Example: Antibacterial treatment of sportwear, flame-retardant treatment of furnishing textiles, Bleaching agents • The major bleaching agents used in textile preparation are sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorite. Title Introduction : Most of the operations in the textile processing such as scouring, bleaching, dyeing and printing are carried out by use of basic chemicals like acid, alkalis oxidizing, reducing agents dyestuffs 2. Lecture #8 Kraft Pulping: Early Reactions and Kraft Pulping Lignin Reactions. Fastness is the resistance of a textile material to specific chemical agencies. Textile is the largest industrial sector and generates the country’s highest export earnings of about 58%. The proper range of pH values in dyeing & finishing process are given below: Dyeing Finishing Pre-treatment & After-treatment process: pH range 1. Dyeing Various dyes, salts, alkali, soap When to Mercerize •In Greige •Any step during preparation •After bleaching 5. The document discusses bleaching, which is a chemical treatment used to remove natural color from fabrics. Examples: 3. mostly used in home-use bleaching materials with concentrations ranging from 10 to 30% (equivalent to approximately 3. BleachingBleaching To decolorize the natural coloring matter in the cottonTo decolorize the natural coloring matter in the cotton using bleaching agentsusing bleaching agents To facilitate the textile material( yarn/fabric ) Apr 24, 2021 · The slide contains advances (recent developments) in textile pretreatment called desizing, scouring, and bleaching. Asraful Haque ID: 111-23-132 Sep 2, 2020 · 34. Enzyme & bleach are used in denim apparel washing . 5%. Desizing(mineral acid) iii. Key steps involve saponification of oils and emulsification of waxes. • In Eco textiles mills, the bleaching method must be oxygen-based Answer: The pH values in garments can be greatly affected by Scouring, Bleaching, After- treatment (Dyeing & Printing) & Final washing process. scouring, bleaching, etc. g. It is the second most produced textile fiber in the world after cotton. After scouring and bleaching, the grease and wax on the knitted fabric fibers are removed, and the fibers do not slide easily when sewing and are easily broken by the needle, resulting in the dispersion of the loops, so it is often necessary to carry out soft treatment, i. Removing the gum improves the sheen, Jan 27, 2017 · 17. 5]; At lower PH: HOCl→HCl + [O] If we add more acid reaction moves to the left and NaOH is neutralized and Mar 14, 2015 · 4. rewari (8168534366), haryana India. There are two ways of adding colour to a textile substrate – Dyeing Dyeing completely covers the textile with colour --Printing. Common bleaching agents mentioned Jul 15, 2019 · The document discusses bleaching, which involves decolorizing fabrics using oxidizing agents to break down color-producing compounds. Sedimentation • This process is particularly useful for treatment of wastes containing high percentage of settable solids or when the waste is subjected to combined treatment with sewage. Woven and knitwear fabric that made of wool, cotton and silk are not white owing to their natural color or contamination in the preceding process, 6. Ozone bleaching - Download as a PDF or view online for free In the textile industry, the antichlor is usually added right before the end of the bleaching process. The design is engraved onto the copper roller, which is then electroplated with chrome for durability. Characteristics of textile effluents Diverse in Nature Contain large variety of organic and inorganic materials used in • Degumming : is the process of removing the sericin, or silk gum, from silk. Specifically for cotton materials, it describes how Karmakar, Chemical Technology In The Pre-treatment Processes Of Textiles. The use of enzymes in the textile chemical processing is rapidly gaining 39. vccch qydnk jwphiu qamfr gjmf oykaeyl nfhmwc vqqmcm evj cciddhp